Comments for Biological Science Advanced Studies http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students A_level Biology and Human Biology, ICAS Mon, 20 Feb 2012 15:40:12 +0000 hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.0.4 Comment on The discovery of penicillin by irteza http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2011/10/31/the-discovery-of-penicillin/#comment-349 irteza Mon, 20 Feb 2012 15:40:12 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=144#comment-349 penicillin also known as antibiotics was discoverd in 1920 by scientists in st marys hospital. came accross it by chance by noticing it as a mould around some germs which the scientitsts were collecting and they noticed that the mould around was keeping some bacteria from spreading and growing. then they did more tests to explore this alien substance. then in 1930s new scientists find out about this medicine known as penicillin and did further tests after culltivating penicillin then they did tests on mice and half of them survived the ones which they gave the penicilin, but then the world war came . and the britons saught help from the americans and culltivated it and made it better for wide sale quantity and tested it on humans. BUT some deadly germs beat penicillin in the 1950s a research team and in 1959 they discoverd new peniclins to fight of germs which before had resisted. penicillin also known as antibiotics
was discoverd in 1920 by scientists in st marys hospital.
came accross it by chance by noticing it as a mould around some germs which the scientitsts were collecting and they noticed that the mould around was keeping some bacteria from spreading and growing. then they did more tests to explore this alien substance. then in 1930s new scientists find out about this medicine known as penicillin and did further tests after culltivating penicillin then they did tests on mice and half of them survived the ones which they gave the penicilin, but then the world war came . and the britons saught help from the americans and culltivated it and made it better for wide sale quantity and tested it on humans. BUT some deadly germs beat penicillin in the 1950s a research team and in 1959 they discoverd new peniclins to fight of germs which before had resisted.

]]> Comment on What is dopamine? by irteza http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2011/11/09/what-is-dopamine/#comment-348 irteza Mon, 20 Feb 2012 15:18:14 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=263#comment-348 dopamine can make u feel good it can be realesed threw food. dopamine regulates thought,movement ,attentionand learning. if you experience something knew dopamine levals can rise and make u feel exctited. if you can not concentratre it is due to low dopamine thats why in energy dirinks thier is caffeine to stimulate the dopmaine. dopamine can make u feel good it can be realesed threw food.
dopamine regulates thought,movement ,attentionand learning.
if you experience something knew dopamine levals can rise and make u feel exctited.
if you can not concentratre it is due to low dopamine thats why in energy dirinks thier is caffeine to stimulate the dopmaine.

]]> Comment on Proteins by irteza http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/02/07/proteins/#comment-347 irteza Mon, 20 Feb 2012 15:09:10 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=419#comment-347 variable group has 20 possible outcomes which determines the function of the molecule all proteins are formed from monomers which link to make polymers and then polypeptide chains then proteins.thats why aminoacids are alos known as buliding blocks.amino acids are joined in particullar systems. variable group has 20 possible outcomes which determines the function of the molecule
all proteins are formed from monomers which link to make polymers and then polypeptide chains then proteins.thats why aminoacids are alos known as buliding blocks.amino acids are joined in particullar systems.

]]> Comment on Protein Structure and Function by irteza http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/01/26/protein-structure-and-function/#comment-346 irteza Mon, 20 Feb 2012 15:03:12 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=378#comment-346 monomers also known as amonoacids when linked togethr make polymers. variable group also known as the R group has the potentiol to vary with the different circumstances.All amino acids have amino, alppha carbon, and carboxl group but they differ due to the R GROUP because the variable (R)group determines the function of the amino acids.aminoacids link together threw a reaction called condenstation reaction which is when they fold and deform,this reaction occurs when the water molecule is taken out of the substance thus the two water dissapear and the carbon and amino bond between two different monomers. [4 levals of protein structures ] primary structure is the order of how the amino acids join together. secondary structure is basically the shape of the polypeptide which only show a part of the protein. tertiary structure is the 3d shape of the entire polypeptde. quarteniry is more then one polypeptide to show the fully formed protein. monomers also known as amonoacids when linked togethr make polymers.
variable group also known as the R group has the potentiol to vary with the different circumstances.All amino acids have amino, alppha carbon, and carboxl group but they differ due to the R GROUP because the variable (R)group determines the function of the amino acids.aminoacids link together threw a reaction called condenstation reaction which is when they fold and deform,this reaction occurs when the water molecule is taken out of the substance thus the two water dissapear and the carbon and amino bond between two different monomers.
[4 levals of protein structures ]
primary structure is the order of how the amino acids join together.
secondary structure is basically the shape of the polypeptide which only show a part of the protein.
tertiary structure is the 3d shape of the entire polypeptde.
quarteniry is more then one polypeptide to show the fully formed protein.

]]> Comment on Protein Structure and Function by irteza http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/01/26/protein-structure-and-function/#comment-345 irteza Mon, 20 Feb 2012 14:48:45 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=378#comment-345 proteins are molecules of long chains of polymers which are linked together to make polymers.The monomers also known as aminocids make up the polymers when linked together. monomers are also known as buliding blocks. proteins are molecules of long chains of polymers which are linked together to make polymers.The monomers also known as aminocids make up the polymers when linked together. monomers are also known as buliding blocks.

]]> Comment on How Ecosystems Work | Biology | Ecology by kubba kubz http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2011/10/27/how-ecosystems-work-biology-ecology/#comment-344 kubba kubz Sun, 12 Feb 2012 15:22:20 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=57#comment-344 however the energy used up as it passes through the cycle****** however the energy used up as it passes through the cycle******

]]> Comment on How Ecosystems Work | Biology | Ecology by kubba kubz http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2011/10/27/how-ecosystems-work-biology-ecology/#comment-343 kubba kubz Sun, 12 Feb 2012 15:20:24 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=57#comment-343 all organisms require energy to carry out central life activities e.g. growth respiration etc. this energy is obtained from the environment, such as sunlight nutrients and water. light energy flows through the ecosystems. light energy is taken in by plants and turned into chemical energy. the herbivore will eat the plant and the carnivore will eat the herbivore, then the carnivore may die and scavengers will feed on the energy remaining. the rest such as certain boned will be decomposed by decomposers. this is the usual cycle. how every her energy decreases as it goes along. energy is used up by respiration, growth etc. all organisms require energy to carry out central life activities e.g. growth respiration etc. this energy is obtained from the environment, such as sunlight nutrients and water. light energy flows through the ecosystems. light energy is taken in by plants and turned into chemical energy. the herbivore will eat the plant and the carnivore will eat the herbivore, then the carnivore may die and scavengers will feed on the energy remaining. the rest such as certain boned will be decomposed by decomposers. this is the usual cycle. how every her energy decreases as it goes along. energy is used up by respiration, growth etc.

]]> Comment on What Is An Ecosystem by kubba kubz http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2011/10/27/what-is-an-ecosystem/#comment-342 kubba kubz Sun, 12 Feb 2012 15:09:08 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=59#comment-342 an ecosystem is where living things and non living things interact in a shared in environment. Biomes are different types of ecosystems. a biome is a group of ecosystem with a similar climate and have a similar plant and animal species. there are 4 types; including fresh water, marine, desert, forest, grassland and tantra. an ecosystem is where living things and non living things interact in a shared in environment. Biomes are different types of ecosystems. a biome is a group of ecosystem with a similar climate and have a similar plant and animal species. there are 4 types; including fresh water, marine, desert, forest, grassland and tantra.

]]> Comment on Biodiversity by kubba kubz http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/02/07/biodiversity/#comment-341 kubba kubz Sun, 12 Feb 2012 15:03:20 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=429#comment-341 biodiversity is decreasing really fast. this will affect food chains, lack o medicines and can lead to the extinction of more species. Biodiversity is the amount of different species. It includes all living things from the plants to humans. Biodiversity on earth should be greater than on any other planet a the time bieng. biodiversity is decreasing really fast. this will affect food chains, lack o medicines and can lead to the extinction of more species.

Biodiversity is the amount of different species. It includes all living things from the plants to humans.

Biodiversity on earth should be greater than on any other planet a the time bieng.

]]> Comment on Biodiversity by kubba kubz http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/02/07/biodiversity/#comment-340 kubba kubz Sun, 12 Feb 2012 15:01:25 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=429#comment-340 biodiversity is decreasing really fast. this will affect food chains, lack o medicines and can lead to the extinction of more species. Biodiversity is the amount of different species. It includes all living things from the plants to humans. Biodiversity makes the earth what it is today-the only planet (so far) which contains life. As a result of biodiversity we are able to make medicines and other things biodiversity is decreasing really fast. this will affect food chains, lack o medicines and can lead to the extinction of more species.

Biodiversity is the amount of different species. It includes all living things from the plants to humans.

Biodiversity makes the earth what it is today-the only planet (so far) which contains life. As a result of biodiversity we are able to make medicines and other things

]]> Comment on Protein – 3D by Admin http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/02/09/protein-3d/#comment-339 Admin Fri, 10 Feb 2012 17:55:42 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=456#comment-339 Good video! thanks Jihad. Good video! thanks Jihad.

]]> Comment on Air Pollution Part 1 by Tharima http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/01/26/air-pollution-part-1/#comment-338 Tharima Fri, 10 Feb 2012 02:00:49 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=386#comment-338 -Anthropogenic activities cause the most air pollution. -There are two types of pollutants: 1.Primary: particulate matter (e.g. liquid droplets), CO,SO2, NO, Lead -Secondary: H2SO4, NO2...etc.... -Over the last 50 years the developed countries have been trying to reduce air pollution as it has led to many deaths in the past. -Temperature inversion: an atmospheric layer in which cold air is trapped below warm air. -Anthropogenic activities cause the most air pollution.
-There are two types of pollutants:
1.Primary: particulate matter (e.g. liquid droplets),
CO,SO2, NO, Lead
-Secondary: H2SO4, NO2…etc….
-Over the last 50 years the developed countries have been trying to reduce air pollution as it has led to many deaths in the past.
-Temperature inversion: an atmospheric layer in which cold air is trapped below warm air.

]]> Comment on Biodiversity by Tharima http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/02/07/biodiversity/#comment-337 Tharima Fri, 10 Feb 2012 01:38:42 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=429#comment-337 Biodiversity makes the earth what it is today-the only planet (so far) which contains life. As a result of biodiversity we are able to make medicines and other things. Biodiversity makes the earth what it is today-the only planet (so far) which contains life. As a result of biodiversity we are able to make medicines and other things.

]]> Comment on Proteins by Jihad Ali Kassem http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/02/07/proteins/#comment-336 Jihad Ali Kassem Fri, 10 Feb 2012 01:20:40 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=419#comment-336 Protein - All proteins are formed from monomers known as amino acids. - A "basic" amino acid consists of one amino group, and one acid group(Carboxlyic). - Amino acids all have the same structure, but they are capable of differing, through the use of their R-GROUPS - The R-GROUP has 20 possibilities, the simplest being Glycine(R-GROUP is replaced by Hydrogen) - There are two types of amino acids, essential (8-10 of the 20 possibilities), and non-essential acids. - Essential amino acids, cannot be built from materials taken into the body, these must be directly in taken rather than cr, often through meat. Peptide Bonds - Peptide bonds are covalent bonds, created through condensation, this eliminates one molecule of H20 (releases) - Peptide bonds are covalent bonds, broken through hydrolysis, this uses up one molecule of H20 Protein
- All proteins are formed from monomers known as amino acids.
- A “basic” amino acid consists of one amino group, and one acid group(Carboxlyic).
- Amino acids all have the same structure, but they are capable of differing, through the use of their R-GROUPS
- The R-GROUP has 20 possibilities, the simplest being Glycine(R-GROUP is replaced by Hydrogen)
- There are two types of amino acids, essential (8-10 of the 20 possibilities), and non-essential acids.
- Essential amino acids, cannot be built from materials taken into the body, these must be directly in taken rather than cr, often through meat.

Peptide Bonds
- Peptide bonds are covalent bonds, created through condensation, this eliminates one molecule of H20 (releases)
- Peptide bonds are covalent bonds, broken through hydrolysis, this uses up one molecule of H20

]]> Comment on DNA Replication by Piri http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2011/10/31/dna-replication-2/#comment-335 Piri Thu, 09 Feb 2012 23:10:09 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=172#comment-335 DNA copies itself before cell division so that each new cell has the full amount of DNA. 1. Hydrogen bonds between the 2 polynucleotide DNA strands break. Helix unzips to form 2 single strands. 2. Each original single strand acts as a template for a new strand. Free-floating DNA nucleotides join to exposed bases on each original template strand by complementary base pairing (A-T,C-G). 3. Nucleotides on the new strand are joined together by the enzyme DNA polymerase. Hydrogen bonds form between the bases on the original and new strand. 4. Each new DNA molecule contains one strand from the original DNA molecule and one new strand. DNA contains genes which are instructions for proteins. DNA is copied into RNA for protein synthesis. DNA copies itself before cell division so that each new cell has the full amount of DNA.

1. Hydrogen bonds between the 2 polynucleotide DNA strands break. Helix unzips to form 2 single strands.

2. Each original single strand acts as a template for a new strand. Free-floating DNA nucleotides join to exposed bases on each original template strand by complementary base pairing (A-T,C-G).

3. Nucleotides on the new strand are joined together by the enzyme DNA polymerase. Hydrogen bonds form between the bases on the original and new strand.

4. Each new DNA molecule contains one strand from the original DNA molecule and one new strand.

DNA contains genes which are instructions for proteins.
DNA is copied into RNA for protein synthesis.

]]> Comment on General Questions by Admin http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2011/10/27/general-questions/#comment-334 Admin Thu, 09 Feb 2012 21:13:30 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=11#comment-334 Well I would just copy paste it! It normally works. Above the box there are two options, TEXT and HTML.Chose the HTML and it automatically appears like a picture , not like a link line! We can try it tomorrow in class after A2 are finished. Well I would just copy paste it! It normally works. Above the box there are two options, TEXT and HTML.Chose the HTML and it automatically appears like a picture , not like a link line! We can try it tomorrow in class after A2 are finished.

]]> Comment on Protein Structure and Function by Ashley http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/01/26/protein-structure-and-function/#comment-333 Ashley Thu, 09 Feb 2012 19:08:50 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=378#comment-333 a protein is made up of repeating amino acids. the primary structure of a protein is given by the specific sequence of amino acids that make up the protein. the secondary structure refers to coiling and pleating of parts of the polypeptide molecule. the tertiary structure refers to the overall 3D structure of the final polypeptide or protein molecule. quaternary structure refers to the fact that some proteins are made up of more than one polypeptide subunit joined together, examples include haemoglobin and insulin. a protein is made up of repeating amino acids.
the primary structure of a protein is given by the specific sequence of amino acids that make up the protein.

the secondary structure refers to coiling and pleating of parts of the polypeptide molecule.

the tertiary structure refers to the overall 3D structure of the final polypeptide or protein molecule.

quaternary structure refers to the fact that some proteins are made up of more than one polypeptide subunit joined together, examples include haemoglobin and insulin.

]]> Comment on Proteins by Ashley http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/02/07/proteins/#comment-332 Ashley Thu, 09 Feb 2012 18:37:29 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=419#comment-332 all proteins have an amino group, carboxylic acid group. there are 20 different types of amino acids, half of which are non-essential amino acids and the other half are essential amini acids this means they are an essential part of the diet. condensation reaction water molecule is released a covlaent bond is formed hydrolysis reaction a covalent bond is broken a water molecule is used up all proteins have an amino group, carboxylic acid group. there are 20 different types of amino acids, half of which are non-essential amino acids and the other half are essential amini acids this means they are an essential part of the diet.

condensation reaction
water molecule is released
a covlaent bond is formed

hydrolysis reaction
a covalent bond is broken
a water molecule is used up

]]> Comment on Biodiversity by Mohamed Ahmed http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/02/07/biodiversity/#comment-331 Mohamed Ahmed Thu, 09 Feb 2012 15:24:13 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=429#comment-331 Biodiversity simply means the variety of life. It includes all living things from the smallest flea to the biggest tree. You will see biodiversity everywhere: in town gardens and window boxes, woods, roadsides, open countryside, rivers and coasts. Biodiversity simply means the variety of life. It includes all living things from the smallest flea to the biggest tree. You will see biodiversity everywhere: in town gardens and window boxes, woods, roadsides, open countryside, rivers and coasts.

]]> Comment on Biodiversity by Tharima http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/2012/02/07/biodiversity/#comment-330 Tharima Thu, 09 Feb 2012 15:14:52 +0000 http://behzadghorbani.com/Biology_Students/?p=429#comment-330 @ Rabab….this is a very interesting essay….did YOU write it? ..bn hjh @ Rabab….this is a very interesting essay….did YOU write it?
..bn hjh

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